The cover of a song by Tommy James & The Shondells would be Billy Idol’s only number one hit in the United States. As hard as it may be to believe, other Idol songs like White Wedding, Rebel Yell, and Dancing With Myself failed to even crack the top 30. Interestingly enough, when Mony Mony hit number one, the song that it replaced was another song that was originally recorded by Tommy James, Tiffany’s cover of I Think We’re Alone Now.
A good deal of the success of Billy Idol’s Mony Mony can probably be linked back to this music video, which features Billy Idol at his most energetic. During performances of Mony Mony, audience members would regularly shout, “Hey Motherfucker … Get Laid! Get fucked!” in between the lines. How this became a tradition is not known but it did lead to this otherwise innocuous song getting banned from several high school dances.
This video was directed by Larry Jordan, who has also done videos for Shania Twain and Mariah Carey.
I live by a simple motto around these parts : if it defies classification, description, and rational analysis, then it’s something I want to see. Other critics can give you the lowdown on stuff that can be categorized, labeled, genre-boxed, and otherwise defined — and hey, I do a fair amount of that myself — but when it comes to the stuff that starts somewhere beyond the point where the ability to articulate a traditional critique of it stops, well, that’s the kind of work that’s always going to catch my eye and always going to be something I want to talk about, if only because the very act of talking about it is such a tricky proposition.
Comics is an art form that I feel lends itself rather well to such efforts, simply because the fourth-dimensional construct of time can be fucked with, or even dispensed with altogether…
Yesterday, the Online Association of Female Film Critics have announced their picks for the best of 2020! Congratulations to Promising Young Woman!
Here are all the winners from the OAFFC:
Best Film
First Cow
Minari
Nomadland
One Night In Miami Promising Young Woman
Best Director
Lee Isaac Chung – Minari
Emerald Fennell – Promising Young Woman
Regina King – One Night In Miami
Kelly Reichardt – First Cow Chloe Zhao – Nomadland
Best Male Lead Riz Ahmed – Sound Of Metal
Chadwick Boseman – Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
Delroy Lindo – Da 5 Bloods
Mads Mikkelsen – Another Round
Steven Yeun – Minari
Best Female Lead
Viola Davis – Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
Vanessa Kirby – Pieces Of A Woman
Frances McDormand – Nomadland
Elisabeth Moss – The Invisible Man Carey Mulligan – Promising Young Woman
Best Supporting Male
Sacha Baron Cohen – The Trial Of The Chicago 7 Daniel Kaluuya – Judas And The Black Messiah
Bill Murray – On The Rocks
Leslie Odom Jr. – One Night In Miami
Paul Raci – Sound Of Metal
Best Supporting Female
Maria Bakalova – Borat Subsequent Moviefilm
Ellen Burstyn – Pieces Of A Woman
Dominque Fishback – Judas And The Black Messiah
Amanda Seyfried – Mank Yuh-jung Youn – Minari
Best Acting Ensemble
Da 5 Bloods
Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
Minari One Night In Miami
The Trial Of The Chicago 7
Best Original Screenplay
Lee Isaac Chung – Minari Emerald Fennell – Promising Young Woman (TIE)
Eliza Hittman – Never Rarely Sometimes Always (TIE)
Miranda July – Kajillionaire
Andy Siara – Palm Springs
Best Adapted Screenplay
Sarah Gubbin – Shirley
Christopher Hampton & Florian Zeller – The Father
Charlie Kaufman – I’m Thinking Of Ending Things
Kemp Powers – One Night In Miami Chloe Zhao – Nomadland
Best Documentary Collective
Dick Johnson Is Dead
The Mole Agent
The Painter And The Thief
Time
Best Animated Feature
Onward
Over The Moon
A Shaun The Sheep Movie: Farmageddon
Soul Wolfwalkers
Best Cinematography
Christopher Blauvelt – First Cow
Stephane Fontaine – Ammonite
Matthew Libatique – Birds Of Prey
Erik Messerschmidt – Mank Joshua James Richards – Nomadland
Best Breakthrough Filmmaker
Kitty Green – The Assistant Emerald Fennell – Promising Young Woman
Radha Blank – The Forty-Year-Old Version
Channing Godfrey Peoples – Miss Juneteenth
Natalie Erika James – Relic
Best Breakthrough Performance
Kingsley Ben-Adir – One Night In Miami Sidney Flanigan – Never Rarely Sometimes Always
Orion Lee – First Cow
Cristin Milioti – Palm Springs
Tahar Rahim – The Mauritanian
THE ROSIE The OAFFC’s signature award celebrates the film that “best promotes women, their voices, and the female experience through cinema.”
The Assistant
The Forty-Year-Old Version Never Rarely Sometimes Always
Nomadland
Promising Young Woman
Well, it’s another day and, for this awards season, that means another victory for Nomadland. This time, it’s the Phoenix Film Critics Circle who have named Chloe Zhao’s film as being the best of 2020.
Here are all the winners from Phoenix:
PFCS TOP TEN (in alphabetical order)
Judas and The Black Messiah
Minari
News of the World
Nomadland
One Night in Miami
Promising Young Woman
Soul
Sound of Metal
The Dig
The Trial of the Chicago 7
BEST PICTURE
Nomadland
BEST DIRECTOR
Chloe Zhao – Nomadland
BEST ACTOR IN A LEADING ROLE
Chadwick Boseman – Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
BEST ACTRESS IN A LEADING ROLE
Carey Mulligan – Promising Young Woman
BEST ACTOR IN A SUPPORTING ROLE
Daniel Kaluuya – Judas and The Black Messiah
BEST ACTRESS IN A SUPPORTING ROLE
Yuh-Jung Youn – Minari
BEST ENSEMBLE ACTING
The Trial of the Chicago 7
BEST ORIGINAL SCREENPLAY
The Trial of the Chicago 7
BEST SCREENPLAY ADAPTED FROM OTHER MATERIAL
One Night in Miami
THE OVERLOOKED FILM OF THE YEAR
Palm Springs
BEST ANIMATED FILM
Soul
BEST FOREIGN LANGUAGE FILM
Another Round
BEST DOCUMENTARY
Boys State
BEST ORIGINAL SONG
Speak Now – One Night in Miami
BEST ORIGINAL SCORE
Soul
BEST CINEMATOGRAPHY
Nomadland
BEST FILM EDITING
The Trial of the Chicago 7
BEST PRODUCTION DESIGN
Mank
BEST COSTUME DESIGN
Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
BEST VISUAL EFFECTS
Tenet
BREAKTHROUGH PERFORMANCE
Maria Bakalova – Borat Subsequent Moviefilm
BEST PERFORMANCE BY A YOUTH
Helena Zengel – News of the World
Now, this is a society that I would like to be a member of!
It’s nice to see i’m thinking of ending things mentioned. Though I’ve come to accept that the film is probably too strange for the Academy to fully embrace, the art direction definitely deserves to be remembered.
The winners will be announced on March 31st.
Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Contemporary Feature Film Da 5 Bloods
Set Decoration by Jeanette Scott
with Production Design by Wynn Thomas Hillbilly Elegy
Set Decoration by Merissa Lombardo SDSA
with Production Design by Molly Hughes I’m Thinking of Ending Things
Set Decoration by Mattie Siegal
with Production Design by Molly Hughes Promising Young Woman
Set Decoration by Rae Deslich SDSA
with Production Design by Michael T. Perry Sound of Metal
Set Decoration by Tara Pavoni
with Production Design by Jeremy Woodward
Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Period Feature Film Emma.
Set Decoration by Stella Fox
with Production Design by Kave Quinn Mank
Set Decoration by Jan Pascale SDSA
with Production Design by Donald Graham Burt Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom
Set Decoration by Karen O’Hara SDSA, Diana Stoughton
with Production Design by Mark Ricker News of the World
Set Decoration by Elizabeth Keenan SDSA
with Production Design by David Crank The Trial of the Chicago 7
Set Decoration by Andrew Baseman SDSA
with Production Design by Shane Valentino
Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Science Fiction or Fantasy Feature Film The Midnight Sky
Set Decoration by John Bush
with Production Design by Jim Bissell Palm Springs
Set Decoration by Kelsi Ephraim
with Production Design byJason Kisvarday Roald Dahl’s The Witches
Set Decoration by Rafaella Giovannetti SDSA
with Production Design by Gary Freeman Tenet
Set Decoration by Kathy Lucas
with Production Design by Nathan Crowley Wonder Woman 1984
Set Decoration by Anna Lynch-Robinson SDSA
with Production Design by Aline Bonetto
Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Comedy or Musical Feature Film Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime For Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan
Set Decoration by Alina Pentac (Romania Unit)
with Production Design by David Saenz de Maturana Dolittle
Set Decoration by Lee Sandales
with Production Design by Dominic Watkins Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga
Set Decoration by Naomi Moore
with Production Design by Paul Inglis The King of Staten Island
Set Decoration by David Schlesinger SDSA
with Production Design by Kevin Thompson The Prom
Set Decoration by Gene Serdena SDSA
with Production Design by Jamie Walker McCal
Here are the 2020 nominations of the Visual Effects Society! The winners will be announced on April 6 and on April 7th!
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature JINGLE JANGLE: A CHRISTMAS JOURNEY
Brad Parker
Roma Van Den Bergh
Eric Guaglione
Carlos Monzon
Stefano Pepin PROJECT POWER
Ivan Moran
Leslie Hough
Joao Sita
Matthew Twyford
Yves Debono TENET
Andrew Jackson
Mike Chambers
Andrew Lockley
David Lee
Scott Fisher THE MIDNIGHT SKY
Matt Kasmir
Greg Baxter
Chris Lawrence
Max Solomon
David Watkins THE WITCHES
Kevin Baillie
Sandra Scott
Sean Konrad
Glenn Melenhorst
Mark Holt
Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature DA 5 BLOODS
Randall Balsmeyer
James Cooper
Watcharachai “Sam” Panichsuk EXTRACTION
Marko Forker
Lynzi Grant
Craig Wentworth
Olivier Sarda MANK
Wei Zheng
Peter Mavromates
Simon Carr
James Pastorius NEWS OF THE WORLD
Roni Rodrigues
Dayaliyah Lopez
Ian Fellows
Andrew Morley
Brandon K. McLaughlin WELCOME TO CHECHNYA
Ryan Laney
Eugen Bräunig
Maxwell Anderson
Johnny Han
Piers Dennis
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature ONWARD
Dan Scanlon
Kori Rae
Sanjay Bakshi
Vincent Serritella OVER THE MOON
Glen Keane
Gennie Rim
Céline Desrumaux
David Alexander Smith SOUL
Pete Docter
Dana Murray
Michael Fong
Bill Watral THE CROODS: A NEW AGE
Joel Crawford
Mark Swift, PGA
Betsy Nofsinger
Jakob Hjort Jensen TROLLS WORLD TOUR
Walt Dohrn
Gina Shay, PGA
Kendal Cronkhite-Shaindlin
Matt Baer
Outstanding Animated Character in a Photoreal Feature DIE KÄNGURU-CHRONIKEN; Kangaroo
Claudius Urban
Sebastian Badea
Dorian Knapp
Ruth Wiegand JINGLE JANGLE: A CHRISTMAS JOURNEY; Don Juan Diego
Eric Guaglione
Shuchi Singhal
Adrien Annesley
Mahmoud Ellithy THE ONE AND ONLY IVAN; Ivan
Valentina Rosselli
Thomas Huizer
Andrea De Martis
William Bell THE WITCHES; Daisy
Jye Skinn
Sarah Fuller
Marco Iannaccone
Fredrik Sundqvist
Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature ONWARD; Dad Pants
Kristopher Campbell
Jonas Jarvers
Rob Jensen
Jacob Kuenzel OVER THE MOON; Chang’e
Siggi Orri Thorhannesson
Hyesook Kim
Javier Solsona
Alan Chen SOUL; Terry
Jonathan Hoffman
Jonathan Page
Peter Tieryas
Ron Zorman THE SPONGEBOB MOVIE: SPONGE ON THE RUN; SpongeBob
Jacques Daigle
Guillaume Dufief
Adrien Montero
Liam Hill
Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal Feature BLOODSHOT: Neuralspace
Arnaud Brisebois
Patrick Bacon
Dawid Borkiewicz
Gérôme Viavant MULAN; Imperial City
Jeremy Fort
Matt Fitzgerald
Ben Walker
Adrian Vercoe THE EIGHT HUNDRED; 1937 Shanghai Downtown
Stefano Cieri
Aaron Auty
Simon Carlile
Patrick Zentis THE EIGHT HUNDRED; Shanghai Warehouse District
Jamie Macdougall
Julian Hutchens
Mark Honer
David Pekarek
Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature ONWARD; Swamp Gas
Eric Andraos
Laura Grieve
Nick Pitera
Michael Rutter SOUL; You Seminar
Hosuk Chang
Sungyeon Joh
Peter Roe
Frank Tai TROLLS WORLD TOUR; Techno Reef
Luke Heathcock
Zachary Glynn
Marina Ilic
Michael Trull TROLLS WORLD TOUR; Volcano Rock City
Brian LaFrance
Sara Cembalisty
Christopher Sprunger
Ruben Perez
Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a CG Project GHOST OF TSUSHIMA; A Storm is Coming
Aladino Debert
Matt Dougan
Eric Beaver
David Liu SOUL
Matt Aspbury
Ian Megibben THE MANDALORIAN; The Believer
Richard Bluff
Matt Jensen
Chris Williams
Landis Fields IV THE MANDALORIAN; The Siege
Dave Crispino
Kyle Winkelman
Paul Kavanagh
Jose Burgos
Outstanding Model in a Photoreal or Animated Project THE MANDALORIAN; Boba Fett’s Ship
Jay Machado
Enrico Damm
Gerald Blaise
Ryan Church THE MANDALORIAN; The Rescue; Light Cruiser
John Knoll
John Goodson
Dan Patrascu
Rene Garcia THE MIDNIGHT SKY; Aether
Michael Balthazart
Jonathan Opgenhaffen
John-Peter Li
Simon Aluze THE WITCHES; Rollercoaster
Jared Michael
Peter Dominik
Sylvain Lesaint
Emily Tilson
Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature BLOODSHOT
Omar Meradi
Jeremy Poupin
Sylvain Robert
Deak Ferrand GREYHOUND
Mike Nixon
Nicholas Papworth
Jeremy Smith
Yashdeep Sawant MONSTER HUNTER
Vimal Mallireddy
Warren Lawtey
Tom O’Bready
Dominik Haase MULAN
Theo Vandernoot
Sandra Balej
James Carson
Yuri Rudakov PROJECT POWER
Yin Lai Jimmy Leung
Jonathan Edward Lyddon-Towl
Pierpaolo Navarini
Michelle Lee
Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature ONWARD
Dave Hale
Jonah Blue Laird
Stephen Marshall
Ricardo Nadu OVER THE MOON
Ian Farnsworth
Brian Casper
Reinhold Rittinger
Jennifer Lasrado SOUL
Alexis Angelidis
Keith Daniel Klohn
Aimei Kutt
Melissa Tseng TROLLS WORLD TOUR
Stephen Wood
Carl Hooper
Spencer Knapp
Nick Augello THE WILLOUGHBYS
Helén Ahlberg
Kyle McQueen
Russell Smith
Raehyeon Kim
Outstanding Compositing in a Feature GREYHOUND
Chris Gooch
Tiago Santos
Stu Bruzek
Sneha Amin MULAN
Christoph Salzmann
Beck Veitch
Joerg Bruemmer
Indah Maretha PROJECT POWER
Russell Horth
Matthew Patience
Julien Rousseau UNDERWATER
Sreejith Venugopalan
Ruslan Borysov
Susil Sabat
Andreas Andersson
Earlier today, the Cinema Audio Society announced their nominees for the best sound mixing of 2020! Now, you may be wondering what the difference is between sound mixing and sound editing and, unfortunately, not a lot of people (outside of the people who actually work in the audio industry) can tell you. That’s one reason why the Academy decided to combine Sound Mixing and Sound Editing into one category a year — which is a shame because, even though I’m hardly an expert on them, I do know that they are two separate things!
Anyway, here are the film nominees. The winners will be announced on April 17th!
Motion Pictures – Live Action
“Greyhound”
Production Mixer – David Wyman CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Michael Minkler CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Christian Minkler CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Richard Kitting
Re-Recording Mixer – Beau Borders CAS
Scoring Mixer – Greg Hayes
Foley Mixer – George A. Lara CAS
“Mank”
Production Mixer – Drew Kunin
Re-Recording Mixer – Ren Klyce
Re-Recording Mixer – David Parker
Re-Recording Mixer – Nathan Nance
Scoring Mixer – Alan Meyerson CAS
ADR Mixer – Charleen Richards-Steeves
Foley Mixer – Scott Curtis
“News of the World”
Production Mixer – John Patrick Pritchett CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Mike Prestwood Smith
Re-Recording Mixer – William Miller
Scoring Mixer – Shawn Murphy
ADR Mixer – Mark DeSimone CAS
Foley Mixer – Adam Fil Méndez CAS
“Sound of Metal”
Production Mixer – Phillip Bladh CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Nicolas Becker
Re-Recording Mixer – Jaime Baksht
Re-Recording Mixer – Michelle Couttolenc
ADR Mixer – Carlos Cortez Navarrette
Foley Mixer – Kari Vähäkuopus
“The Trial of the Chicago 7”
Production Mixer – Thomas Varga CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Julian Slater CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Michael Babcock CAS
Scoring Mixer – Daniel Pemberton
ADR Mixer – Justin W. Walker
Foley Mixer – Kevin Schultz
Motion Pictures – Animated
“A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon”
Dialogue & ADR Mixer – Dom Boucher
Re-Recording Mixer – Chris Burdon
Re-Recording Mixer – Gilbert Lake
Re-Recording Mixer – Adrian Rhodes
Scoring Mixer – Alan Meyerson CAS
Foley Mixer – Ant Bayman
“Onward”
Original Dialogue Mixer – Vincent Caro CAS
Original Dialogue Mixer – Doc Kane CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Michael Semanick CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Juan Peralta
Scoring Mixer – Brad Haehnel
Foley Mixer – Scott Curtis
“Soul”
Original Dialogue Mixer – Vincent Caro CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Ren Klyce
Re-Recording Mixer – David Parker
Scoring Mixer – Atticus Ross
Scoring Mixer – David Boucher CAS
ADR Mixer – Bobby Johanson CAS
Foley Mixer – Scott Curtis
“The Croods: A New Age”
Original Dialogue Mixer – Tighe Sheldon
Re-Recording Mixer – Christopher Scarabosio CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Leff Lefferts
Scoring Mixer – Alan Meyerson CAS
Foley Mixer – Richard Duarte
Foley Mixer – Scott Curtis
“Trolls World Tour”
Original Dialogue Mixer – Tighe Sheldon
Re-Recording Mixer – Scott Millan CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Paul Hackner
Scoring Mixer – Christopher Fogel CAS
Foley Mixer – Randy K. Singer CAS
Motion Pictures – Documentary
“David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet”
Re-Recording Mixer – Graham Wild
Scoring Mixer – Gareth Cousins CAS
“My Octopus Teacher”
Re-Recording Mixer – Barry Donnelly
Foley Mixer – Charl Mostert
“The Bee Gees: How Can You Mend A Broken Heart”
Re-Recording Mixer – Gary A. Rizzo CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Jeff King
“The Social Dilemma”
Production Mixer – Mark A. Crawford
Re-Recording Mixer – Scott R. Lewis
Scoring Mixer – Mark Venezia
Foley Mixer – Jason Butler
“Zappa”
Production Mixer – Monty Buckles
Re-Recording Mixer – Marty Zub CAS
Re-Recording Mixer – Lon Bender
Though this video was first released in 1985, the song had been around for quite some time before that. It was written by Nick Lowe in the late 70s and it was first a hit for Lowe’s frequent collaborator, Dave Edmunds, in 1977. The version that’s featured in this music video is a slightly slower version that Lowe recorded for his 1985 album, The Rose of England. This version was produced by Huey Lewis, who brought in the News to play on the album. Lewis played harmonica.
The video, itself, feels like a companion piece to several of Huey Lewis’s videos from the 80s. The sense of humor is the same type of humor that often appeared in Lewis’s video, as is the wistful acknowledgment of times gone by.
The Oscar nominations are finally due to be announced on March 15th and the Oscars themselves are scheduled to be awarded at the end of April. In anticipation of the big event (and the end of this current lengthy awards season), I am going to spend the next two months watching and reviewing Oscar nominees of the past. Some day, I hope to be able to say that I have watched and reviewed every single film nominated for Best Picture. It’s a mission that, with each passing year, I come a little bit closer to acomplishing.
Tonight, I decided to start things off by watching the 1961 best picture nominee, The Guns of Navarone.
The Guns of Navarone takes place in 1943, during World War II. 2,000 British troops are stranded on the Greek island of Kheros and the Nazis are planning on invading the island in a show of force that they hope will convince Turkey to join the Axis powers. The Allies need to evacuate those troops before the Nazis invade. The problem is that, on the nearby island of Navarone, there are two massive guns that can shoot down any plane that flies over and sink any ship that sails nearby. If the British soldiers are to be saved, the guns are going to have to be taken out.
Everyone agrees that it’s a suicide mission. Even if a commando team manages to avoid the patrol boats and the German soldiers on the island, reaching the guns requires scaling a cliff that is considered to be nearly unclimbable. Still, the effort has to be made. Six men are recruited to do the impossible. Leading the group is Major Roy Franklin (Anthony Quayle), a natural-born leader who is described as having almost supernatural luck. Franklin’s second-in-command is Keith Mallory (Gregory Peck), an American spy who speaks several languages and who is an expert mountain climber. Spyros Pappadimos (James Darren) and Butcher Brown (Stanley Baker) are both assigned to the team because they have fearsome reputations as killers, though it quickly becomes clear that only one of them kills for enjoyment. Colonel Stavrou (Anthony Quinn) is a member of the defeated Greek army and he has a complicated past with Mallory. Finally, Corporal Miller (David Niven) is a chemistry teacher-turned-explosive expert. Waiting for the men on the island are two members of the Resistance, Spyros’s sister Maria (Irene Papas) and her friend, Anna (Gia Scala). The mission, not surprisingly, the mission doesn’t go as planned. There’s violence and betrayal and not everyone makes it to the end. But everyone knows that, as tired as they are of fighting, the mission cannot be abandoned.
The Guns of Navarone was a huge box office success when it was originally released, which probably has a lot to do with it showing up as a best picture nominee. It’s an entertaining film and, watching it, it’s easy to see how it served as a prototype for many of the “teams on a mission” action films that followed. Though none of the characters are exactly deeply drawn, that almost doesn’t matter when you’ve got a cast that includes actors like Gregory Peck, Anthony Quinn, and David Niven. At it best, the film works as a triumph of old-fashioned movie star charisma. Peck is upright and determined to do whatever needs to be done to get the job done. Quinn is tempermental and passionate. David Niven is cynical, witty, and very, very British. Quayle, Darren, and especially Stanley Baker provide strong support. Before Sean Connery got the role, Stanley Baker was a strong contender for James Bond and, watching this film, you can see why.
Seen today, there’s not a lot that’s surprising about The Guns of Navarone. It’s simply a good adventure film, one that occasionally debates the morality of war without forgetting that the audience is mostly watching to see the bad guys get blown up. Some of the action scenes hold up surprisingly well. The scene where the team is forced to deal with a German patrol boat is a particular stand-out.
The Guns of Navarone was nominated for 7 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Though it lost the top prize to West Side Story, The Guns of Navarone still won the Oscar for Best Visual Effects.